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May 22, 2025

Onychophagia: What It Is and How It Affects Your Oral Health

onychophagia

At Inima Dental Clinic Marbella, we not only treat visible dental issues, but also raise awareness about harmful habits that can affect the aesthetics, functionality, and health of your mouth.

One of the most common — and often underestimated — habits is onychophagia, or in simpler terms: nail biting.

onychophagia

What Is Onychophagia?

Onychophagia is a compulsive disorder characterised by biting the nails, often triggered by anxiety, stress, or boredom. While it may seem harmless, this habit can have serious consequences for your oral health, in addition to negatively affecting the appearance of your hands.

Consequences of Onychophagia on Oral Health

Many people do not associate nail biting with oral health, but this habit can lead to several dental and functional problems, including:

  1. Tooth Wear
    The constant contact between teeth and nails leads to abnormal enamel wear, especially on the incisors, which can result in microfractures and tooth sensitivity.

  2. Dental Misalignment
    Biting nails applies irregular pressure on the teeth, potentially causing them to shift or worsening existing malocclusion. In some cases, orthodontic treatment may be required to correct the alignment.

  3. Gum Inflammation
    Bacteria under the nails can be transferred to the mouth, increasing the risk of gum infections, irritation, or even mouth ulcers.

  4. Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Problems
    Repeated strain and clenching can overload the TMJ, causing facial pain, clicking sounds, or difficulty chewing.

  5. Higher Risk of Infections
    Nails come into contact with various surfaces, potentially carrying viruses and bacteria into the mouth and raising the likelihood of oral or systemic infections.

What Causes Onychophagia?

The causes of onychophagia vary, but it is commonly associated with:

  • Anxiety or stress

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorders

  • Childhood habits

  • Lack of awareness of its negative effects

How to Stop Nail Biting

Overcoming this habit requires a multidisciplinary approach. At Inima Dental Clinic Marbella, we recommend:

  • Consulting a mental health professional if the root cause is emotional or psychological

  • Using bitter-tasting nail varnish to deter the behaviour

  • Practising good hand hygiene and regular manicures to improve nail appearance

  • In some cases, wearing dental splints to protect the teeth while addressing the habit


When to See a Dentist

If you notice tooth wear, jaw pain, tooth mobility, or gum inflammation, it’s time for a dental check-up. Contact us and book your appointment today.


Your Oral Health Goes Beyond the Visible

At our clinic, each patient receives a comprehensive diagnosis and a personalised treatment plan. If you believe that onychophagia is affecting your oral health, schedule a consultation with us and let our dedicated team of specialists guide you towards optimal dental health and aesthetics.